New Palestinian constitution in force

The Authority has other trappings of a modern state

A provisional constitution has come into force in the Palestinian Authority.

The Basic Law enshrines democracy, separation of powers and judicial independence - values the United States has urged the Palestinians to adopt.

Key provisions

Religion: Islam

Language: Arabic

Capital: Jerusalem

Sharia forms basis of legal system

It was drawn up as far back as 1997 but only signed recently by Yasser Arafat and will now operate until a formal Palestinian state is established.

A BBC correspondent says the key test will be whether or not Mr Arafat's administration - often accused of authoritarianism - implements the new laws.

Arafat: Under pressure to reform

Justice Minister Ibrahim Dughmeh announced the new constitution at a news conference in Gaza City.

"This law defines the powers of the Palestinian Authority and will serve as the constitution until the establishment of a Palestinian state," he said.

Its 112 articles envisage a "democratic power, based on pluralism, an independent judiciary and an elected parliament with a legislative role", according to copy obtained by the French news agency AFP.

The Basic Law also provides for regular presidential elections, and a system of political balances in which parliament counterbalances the cabinet.

US President George W Bush has insisted that the Palestinians embrace democratic values as a condition for considering their clams to statehood.