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Wednesday, 19 February, 2003, 13:59 GMT
Who's who in al-Qaeda
Osama Bin Laden remains top of the wanted list
Shortly after the 11 September attacks, the US issued a list of al-Qaeda suspects. Some have now been captured or killed, and some new names have been added to those still at large.
Few details about key figures have been officially released. BBC News Online pieces together what little is known about some of the key al-Qaeda suspects.
Click on the categories below to read a summary:
Osama Bin Laden:
He has been indicted for the 1998 US embassy bombings in East Africa and the attacks on the USS Cole in October 2000.
He founded al-Qaeda in 1979, originally as a guesthouse in Peshawar for Arab fighters.
Despite an extensive military operation in Afghanistan it is still not known where he is or even if he is definitely still alive.
For full profile click here
Ayman al-Zawahri:
He was a key figure in the Egyptian Islamic Jihad group, which later merged with al-Qaeda. Al-Zawahri has appeared alongside Bin Laden in al-Qaeda videotapes released since 11 September. His wife and children were reported killed in a US air strike in late November or early December 2001. He has been indicted in the US for his role in the US embassy bombings in Africa, and was sentenced to death in Egypt in absentia for his activities with the Islamic Jihad group in the 1990s. For full profile click here
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed:
The US authorities believe the 37-year-old Kuwaiti is a leading figure in the al-Qaeda network and helped to plan the 11 September attacks. They accuse him of working with Ramzi Ahmed Yousef who co-ordinated the first bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993 which killed six people. He has also been indicted in the US on charges that he was involved in an unsuccessful attempt to blow up American airliners over the Pacific - the so-called Manila plot.
Sheikh Said:
US investigators believe he wired money to Mohammed Atta, alleged ringleader of the hijackers, shortly before the 11 September attacks on New York and Washington.
Saif al-Adel:
He is believed to have assumed many of the late Mohammed Atef's duties in al-Qaeda. He was a colonel in the Egyptian army but joined the mujahideen fighting to expel the Soviets from Afghanistan. He is also suspected of teaching militants to use explosives and training some of the 11 September hijackers. He has been linked to the bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998. The US further accuses him of training the Somali fighters who killed 18 US servicemen in Mogadishu in 1993. In 1987, Egypt accused Adel - whose real name is Muhammad Ibrahim Makkawi - of trying to establish a military wing of the militant Islamic group al-Jihad, and of trying to overthrow the government.
Abu Mohammed al-Masri:
He ran al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan, including the al-Farooq camp near Kandahar. He is also believed to have been involved in the Africa embassy bombings.
Sulaiman Abu Ghaith:
A former religious studies teacher, he left Kuwait in 2000. He was stripped of his citizenship after an appearance on Qatar-based al-Jazeera television in which he vowed retaliation for US air strikes against Afghanistan. Bin Laden can be seen poking fun at him in one of the videotapes released since 11 September.
Thirwat Salah Shirhata:
He has received two death sentences in absentia in Egypt for alleged terrorist activities.
Abu Musab Zarqawi:
The head of Germany's international counter-terrorism unit, Hans-Josef Beth, has warned that he is trained in the use of toxins and could be planning an attack on Europe. He is believed to have travelled extensively since the 11 September attacks, including in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey.
Captured
The 30-year-old, who is believed to have been born to Palestinian parents in Saudi Arabia, is also known as Zayn al-Abidin Mohammed Husain and Abd al-Hadi al-Wahab but has used dozens of other aliases. He has strong connections with Jordanian and Palestinian groups and was sentenced to death in his absence by a Jordanian court for his role in a thwarted plot to bomb hotels there during millennium celebrations. US officials believe he is also connected to a plan to blow up the US embassy in Sarajevo, and a plot to attack the US embassy in Paris.
For full profile click here
Ramzi Binalshibh:
According to officials, he met Mohammed Atta, the leader of the Hamburg cell and one of the alleged masterminds of the 11 September attacks, through a local mosque in 1997. Intelligence officials say Mr Binalshibh may also have been involved in the attacks on the USS Cole and a Tunisian synagogue.
Mohammed Haydar Zammar:
Zammar is believed to have been in Hamburg with Atta and other members of Atta's cell - including hijackers Marwan al-Shehhi and Ziad Jarrah. German authorities have said they interviewed him after the 11 September attacks.
Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri:
Mr Nashiri, also known as Abu Asim al-Makki, is suspected of masterminding the October 2000 attack on the American warship USS Cole in the Yemeni port of Aden, in which 17 sailors died. US authorities have also linked Mr Nashiri to the 1998 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
Anas al-Liby:
The 38-year-old Libyan had been living in the UK and is linked by the Americans to the US embassy bombings in Africa.
Omar al-Faruq:
He had been living in a village an hour from Jakarta in Indonesia where he had married a local woman and seemed to have blended successfully into the community. Investigators fear that men like al-Faruq have been linking al-Qaeda to other militant Islamic groups in south-east Asia.
Mohsen F:
Identified only as Mohsen F, a 21-year-old Kuwaiti national, local press said he had been plotting to blow up a hotel in the Yemeni capital, Sana'a.
On trial
He is believed by US officials to be the "20th hijacker" - prevented from carrying out his mission only because he was already under arrest. Mr Moussaoui has denied involvement in the attacks although he has admitted to being a member of the al-Qaeda network. His trial has been delayed until June 2003. For full profile click here
Mounir al-Motassadek:
He is accused of being an accessory to more than 3,000 murders in New York and Washington, and of belonging to an al-Qaeda cell in Hamburg. Mr Motassadek has insisted that he knew nothing about the attacks, and knew the hijackers only socially. His trial began in Germany in October 2002.
Richard Reid:
Mr Reid was arrested after a disturbance on an American Airlines Paris-to-Miami flight on 22 December 2001. Mr Reid had previously said his guilty plea was conditional on the government removing references in two of the charges that link him with al-Qaeda. His trial continues. For full profile click here
Believed dead
Before joining forces with Bin Laden, Atef was an Egyptian policeman and member of Egyptian Islamic Jihad. The US Defence Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, said that he was believed to have been killed in the US bombing campaign in Afghanistan in November 2001. For full profile click here
Ali Qaed Senyan al-Harthi:
He was a prime target in the US counter-terrorism campaign because of his suspected involvement in the October 2000 bombing of the USS Cole ship in Yemen's Aden harbour. For full profile click here
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See also:
19 Dec 01 | South Asia
14 Sep 02 | South Asia
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